多Agent框架如何设计？划分Agent的依据是什么？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"id":"de2250bd-c8eb-497c-8587-526d22ce0283","src":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/audit-9842166/417624057503d7e1308b03b7c976d90c.png","extension":"png","align":"center","alt":"","showAlt":false,"href":"","boxShadow":"","width":1100,"aspectRatio":"1.248387","status":"success","showText":true,"isPercentage":false,"percentage":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"f2b4a717-b286-4ae2-9af6-eacef06d5c7e","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"02e91553-f1b9-4dd3-979c-5564819a33ea","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":2,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、为什么需要多 Agent？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"2916baf2-6cab-400f-ac3d-9a9e6040f293","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"单 Agent 的天然瓶颈："}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"cc5345f7-1180-4d28-84c2-af5c115bdf61","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"f522ea60-5a28-44dc-a563-82b65f24f826"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"b12798e7-b10c-4640-b807-241a7bc8e31e","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"上下文过载"},{"type":"text","text":"：一个 Agent 要同时理解代码、业务、部署，上下文窗口被稀释"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"482220ce-4ca3-41d1-aa6f-9396c5c38191"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"63751fd4-deee-4d29-91a0-9afebca8b454","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"指令冲突"},{"type":"text","text":"：不同任务需要的 system prompt 互相矛盾（如"保守审查" vs "大胆生成"）"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"cce7b943-e2d4-430b-92f6-fda38fc2539f"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"426390ba-5cb6-4cdf-97fa-21f6fffd1877","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"权限不可分"},{"type":"text","text":"：一个 Agent 拥有全部工具权限，安全性差"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"2fb9182f-38f8-4015-a685-c5675aa47f8b"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"bd29985f-a460-48e0-9c0a-8b2d4ff1741c","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"无法并行"},{"type":"text","text":"：单 Agent 是串行决策，无法并发执行独立子任务"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"ad82c345-c7c9-4c46-a06b-375d8f67588c","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多 Agent 本质上是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"用拆分换专注"},{"type":"text","text":"：每个 Agent 只关心一个小世界。"}]},{"type":"horizontalRule","attrs":{"id":"2ce80b79-fa04-4349-8648-9ef451bf322e","isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"d406317d-c3da-4f20-bf10-f6cf5f5186d8","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":2,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、多 Agent 框架的架构模式"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"8a990427-e51b-4bec-8e2d-18ef37db48ff","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":3,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1. 层级式（Manager-Worker）"}]},{"type":"codeBlock","attrs":{"id":"bebbe16e-bf1e-4845-8424-1afc3c4389a7","language":"javascript","theme":"atom-one-dark","runtimes":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false,"key":"","languageByAi":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"┌──────────────┐n│ Manager│← 拆解任务、分配、汇总n└──────┬───────┘n ┌─────────────┼─────────────┐n ▼ ▼ ▼n┌──────────┐┌──────────┐┌──────────┐n│ Coder││ Reviewer ││ Tester │n└──────────┘└──────────┘└──────────┘n"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"462dd753-8df6-481f-99d3-aa209d3b06eb","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"5f724b0d-1193-45c4-b32c-0ed7a7b1b0a5"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"f660a058-ebfb-4115-80a4-2a1346ed01a3","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Manager 不执行业务逻辑，只做编排"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"d5b19fad-1459-47fc-9cff-23ea90a71555"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"20665d9c-2eb0-4d2b-967a-820fc6915db2","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Worker 之间不直接通信，结果回传 Manager"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"4ace28c4-3d86-4332-b823-d7124b3d1fe9"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"c77cabca-14b0-43ad-a71d-a00052fb7c4e","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"适用场景"},{"type":"text","text":"：任务可清晰分解、有明确主次关系"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"965664a4-a24f-41af-bc0e-76df62b2e5d4","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":3,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2. 对等式（Peer-to-Peer / Debate）"}]},{"type":"codeBlock","attrs":{"id":"f3b71001-0aca-4f7f-b37d-7eeca23021f9","language":"javascript","theme":"atom-one-dark","runtimes":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false,"key":"","languageByAi":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐n│ Agent A│◄─────►│ Agent B│n└──────────┘ └──────────┘n▲ ▲n└────────┬────────┘n │n┌──────────┐n│ Agent C│n└──────────┘n"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"a4f7dbe8-e16f-4768-9dc9-b0349fe1c4c3","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"406ee30c-82be-4e7e-b18d-3a08f746ba8c"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"2cc4172d-25ae-4fd6-9151-3f815860ffd5","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每个 Agent 地位平等，通过消息互相协作"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"dfc45fc2-ee97-4164-97dd-562a8fe9212a"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"f82b39de-aeb9-4afa-9eef-b9b506892e23","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通过辩论/协商达成共识"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"41e7c9da-399e-413a-94d4-672598e11319"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"fa1573b8-a1f3-4c25-ba12-a77f1b449cff","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"适用场景"},{"type":"text","text":"：需要多方视角校验的决策（代码审查、方案评审）"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"c5d62486-f96a-42fb-a9bf-3d37d3987a84","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":3,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3. 中枢路由式（Hub-and-Spoke / Router）"}]},{"type":"codeBlock","attrs":{"id":"b9987143-bf25-46c9-bbe5-025265c4d8d9","language":"javascript","theme":"atom-one-dark","runtimes":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false,"key":"","languageByAi":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"┌──────────────┐n│Router│← 意图识别 路由n└──────┬───────┘n ┌─────────────┼─────────────┐n ▼ ▼ ▼n┌──────────┐┌──────────┐┌──────────┐n│ 前端Agent ││ 后端Agent ││ 运维Agent │n└──────────┘└──────────┘└──────────┘n"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"04d89788-63dc-46b3-90ce-2b730f711c9c","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"a1a398d6-521e-42f7-ab87-56c200df8bb1"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"88ebb4db-cbda-4c2c-94e0-4ba560dde77d","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Router 根据用户意图分发到对应 Agent"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"faef2401-bfa2-47ed-89c7-dce015ba0690"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"28169fb4-3065-4309-aac3-d8021bdf4733","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Agent 之间通常不通信"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"44dc9088-6104-4294-b4b6-4866fa88eaae"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"6cdcc3f5-a0fc-4816-ad41-f91517cf1a98","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"适用场景"},{"type":"text","text":"：按领域划分、请求独立、无需协作"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"79c20cf0-d74d-496a-8446-ea96c9cbb942","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"与层级式的核心区别"},{"type":"text","text":"："}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"id":"4ddf9c18-69f5-423a-9bff-9536e4264a53","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableHeader","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":null,"style":"border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.69); padding: 5px 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0.18);"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"0b69201e-9ab8-407b-b7ca-9b9e4d3e25c6","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"平行、互不感知"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":null,"background":null,"color":null,"textAlign":null,"style":"padding: 5px 10px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"424ceb98-784d-4c4b-971b-916e8d1569fe","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从属、向管理者汇报"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":null,"background":null,"color":null,"textAlign":null,"style":"padding: 5px 10px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 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0.18);"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"f68c7770-4138-4316-aa4c-4dc38d9b67bc","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"电话总机接线员"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":null,"background":null,"color":null,"textAlign":null,"style":"padding: 5px 10px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"4ceaf259-9013-4772-bc2e-2f9e11cb58e1","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"公司经理带团队"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"6eb6370c-7956-4150-aa47-c267fde5f90d","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"简单说：Router 是"你去找谁"，Manager 是"我来安排怎么做"。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"e0134573-b519-4723-ab3e-84ef187be178","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":3,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4. 图编排式（Graph / DAG）"}]},{"type":"codeBlock","attrs":{"id":"cd0fe915-b88a-4dd4-96c6-8be7bae97477","language":"javascript","theme":"atom-one-dark","runtimes":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false,"key":"","languageByAi":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" ┌──────────┐n │Entry │n └────┬─────┘n▼n ┌──────────┐n │Planner │n └────┬─────┘n▼n ┌──────────────────┐n │ Parallel Fork │n ├────────┬─────────┤n ▼▼ ▼n┌─────┐ ┌─────┐┌─────┐n│Agent│ │Agent││Agent│n│A│ │B││C│n└──┬──┘ └──┬──┘└──┬──┘n └───────┼────────┘n ▼n ┌──────────┐n │ Merger │ ← 条件路由/循环n └────┬─────┘n▼n ┌──────────┐n │ Exit │n └──────────┘n"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"4925a1c0-3c11-4ece-a709-5299e7b5935c","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"ed1b132e-0d21-4839-b798-a66367351f14"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"d0be30a4-624f-4514-ae22-2f132c18288a","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用有向图定义 Agent 的执行流，支持并行、条件分支、循环"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"33ba1a97-4ab0-49c4-9472-c1d0da47810a"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"61a799a1-679a-4ec4-98b0-7f9868ab1a19","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"典型实现：LangGraph、CrewAI 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